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1 литературная критика
2) Colloquial: literary criticismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > литературная критика
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2 литературный критик
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > литературный критик
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3 ὅς
ὅς, ἥ, ὅ① as relative pron. who, which, what, that (Hom.+). On its use s. B-D-F §293–97; 377–80; Rydbeck 98–118; W-S. §24; Rob. 711–26, and for ancient Gk. in gener. Kühner-G. II 399ff; Schwyzer II 639–41.ⓐ As a general rule, the relative pron. agrees in gender and number w. the noun or pron. to which it refers (i.e. its antecedent); its case is determined by the verb, noun, or prep. that governs it: ὁ ἀστήρ, ὸ̔ν εἶδον Mt 2:9. ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅν ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν Ac 17:3. Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ (sc. ἦν) ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 13:6. ὁ Ἰουδαῖος …, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος Ro 2:29. Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν J 1:47. οὗτος, περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα Lk 9:9 and very oft.ⓑ A demonstrative pron. is freq. concealed within the relative pron.:α. in such a way that both pronouns stand in the same case: ὅς the one who ὅς οὐ λαμβάνει Mt 10:38; sim. Mk 4:9; 9:40 (the three w. implied condition). οὗ of the one whose J 18:26. ᾧ to the one to whom Ro 6:16. ὅν the one whom (or someth. sim.) Mk 15:12; J 1:45. οἷς to those for whom Mt 20:23. οὕς those whom Mk 3:13; J 5:21. ὅ that which, what Mt 10:27.—A prep. governing the relative belongs in certain pass. to the (omitted) demonstr. pron. alone: παρʼ ὅ Ro 12:3; Gal 1:8; ὑπὲρ ὅ (ἅ) 1 Cor 10:13; 2 Cor 12:6; Phlm 21; πρὸς ἅ 2 Cor 5:10; εἰς ὅν J 6:29. In others it must be added to both pronouns: ἐν ᾧ in that in which 2 Cor 11:12; 1 Pt 2:12; 3:16 (these passages in 1 Pt may be classed under 1kγ also). ἐν οἷς Phil 4:11. ὑπὲρ οὑ because of that for which 1 Cor 10:30. ἀφʼ ὧν from the persons from whom 2 Cor 2:3.—The much disputed pass. ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 would belong here if we were to supply the words necessary to make it read about as follows: friend, (are you misusing the kiss) for that (purpose) for which you are here? (Wlh.; EKlostermann) or thus: in connection with that (=the purposes), for which (=for the realization of which) you have appeared (do you kiss me)? (Rdm.2 78). Friend, are you here for this purpose? FRehkopf, ZNW 52, ’61, 109–15. But s. βב and iβ below.β. But the two pronouns can also stand in different cases; in such instances the demonstr. pron. is nearly always in the nom. or acc.א. in the nom. οὗ one whose Ac 13:25. ὧν those whose Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1). ᾧ the one to or for whom Lk 7:43; 2 Pt 1:9. οἷς those to whom Mt 19:11; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15). ὅ that (nom.) which (acc.) Mt 13:12; 25:29; 26:13; Mk 11:23; Lk 12:3. Likew. ἅ Lk 12:20. ὅν he whom J 3:34; 4:18; Ac 10:21. ἐφʼ ὅν the one about whom Hb 7:13.ב. in the acc. ὧν the things of which J 13:29. ᾧ the one (in) whom 2 Ti 1:12. So also w. a prep.: ἐν ᾧ anything by which Ro 14:21. ἐν οἷς things in which 2 Pt 2:12. ἐφʼ ὅ that upon which Lk 5:25. περὶ ὧν the things of which Ac 24:13. ἐφʼ οἷς from the things of which Ro 6:21 (this passage perh. uses a commercial metaphor, for pap s. Mayser II/2, 434f §121). εἰς ὸ̔ν the one in whom Ro 10:14a.—So Mt 26:50 (s. bα above), if the words to be supplied are about as follows: friend, (do that) for which you have come! (so ESchwartz, ByzZ 25, 1925, 154f; EOwen, JTS 29, 1928, 384–86; WSpiegelberg, ZNW 28, 1929, 341–43; FZorell, VD 9, 1929, 112–16; sim. PMaas, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrb. 8, ’31, 99; 9, ’32, 64; WEltester: OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 70–91; but s. iβ end.—S. Jos., Bell. 2, 615 at πάρειμι 1a).ג. Only in isolated instances does the demonstr. pron. to be supplied stand in another case: οὗ = τούτῳ, οὗ in him of whom Ro 10:14b. παρʼ ὧν = τούτοις, παρʼ ὧν Lk 6:34.ⓒ Constructions peculiar in some respectα. The pleonastic use of the pers. pron. after ὅς (Mlt. 94f; B-D-F §297) γυνὴ ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς Mk 7:25 is found in older Gk. (Hyperid., Euxen. 3 ὧν … τούτων.—Kühner-G. II 433f), and is not unknown in later Gk. (POxy 117, 15), but above all is suggested by Semitic languages (LXX; GrBar 2:1; Thackeray 46; JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 266f); the omission of αὐτῆς in the v.l. is in line w. Gk. usage. οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. οὗ … τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ 1 Pt 2:24 v.l. οὗ καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῦ συγγράματα EpilMosq 2. In a quot. ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται … ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 = Am 9:12. οὗ ἡ πνοὴ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:9. Esp. freq. in Rv 3:8; 7:2, 9; 9:11 v.l.; 13:8, 12; 20:8.β. constructions ‘ad sensum’א. a relative in the sing. refers to someth. in the pl. οὐρανοῖς … ἐξ οὗ (οὐρανοῦ) Phil 3:20.ב. a relative in the pl. refers to a sing. (Jdth 4:8 γερουσία, οἵ) πλῆθος πολύ …, οἳ ἦλθον Lk 6:17f. κατὰ πόλιν πᾶσαν, ἐν αἷς Ac 15:36. Cp. ἤδη δευτέραν ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς (i.e. ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ἐπιστ.) 2 Pt 3:1.ג. the relative conforms to the natural gender rather than the grammatical gender of its antecedent noun τέκνα μου, οὕς Gal 4:19; cp. 2 J 1; Phlm 10. ἔθνη, οἵ Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. 26:17. παιδάριον, ὅς J 6:9. θηρίον, ὅς Rv 13:14. ὀνόματα, οἵ 3:4 v.l. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς, ἐν οἷς Phil 2:15. W. ref. to Christ, τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐξ οὗ Col 2:19.ⓓ Attraction (or assimilation) of the relative. Just as in Hdt. and freq. Att., ins, pap, LXX, the simple relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is somet. attracted to the case of its antecedent, even though the relationship of the relative within its own clause would demand a different case.α. In most instances it is the acc. of the rel. that is attracted to the gen. or dat. of the antecedent: περὶ πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται Mt 18:19. τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ὁ θεὸς διέθετο Ac 3:25. Cp. Mt 24:50b; Mk 7:13; Lk 2:20; 3:19; 5:9; 9:43; 15:16; J 4:14; 7:31; 15:20; 17:5; 21:10; Ac 1:1; 2:22; 22:10; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 1:6; 10:8, 13; Eph 2:10; 2 Th 1:4; Jd 15 al.—When the antecedent is an understood but unexpressed demonstr. pron. (s. b, beg.) that would stand in the gen. or dat., the acc. of a relative pron. can be attracted to this gen. or dat.: οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν is really οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ ἑώρακαν Lk 9:36 (Schwyzer II 641); ἅ takes on the case of τούτων which, in turn, is omitted (so already Soph., Pla., et al.).—23:14, 41; Ac 8:24; 21:19, 24; 22:15; 25:11; 26:16; Ro 15:18; 1 Cor 7:1; Eph 3:20; Hb 5:8. ὧν = τούτων, οὕς J 17:9; 2 Cor 12:17. οἷς = τούτοις, ἅ Lk 24:25.β. The dat. of the relative is less frequently attracted (B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς (=ᾗ) ἀνελήμφθη Ac 1:22 (cp. Lev 23:15; 25:50; Bar 1:19); Eph 1:6; 4:1; 1 Ti 4:6 v.l.; κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ = κατέν. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστ. Ro 4:17. διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως ἧς παρακαλούμεθα 2 Cor 1:4.γ. In relative clauses that consist of subject, predicate, and copula, the relative pron. somet. agrees in gender and number not w. the noun to which it refers, but w. the predicate if it is the subj. and, conversely, w. the subj. if it is the pred. of its own clause: πνεύματι …, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβών Eph 1:14 v.l. τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός Gal 3:16. τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17.—Rv 4:5; 5:8.δ. Inverse attraction occurs when the relative pronoun attracts its antecedent to its own case (as early as Hom.; also Soph., Oed. Rex 449; s. Kühner-G. II 413; Schwyzer II 641; B-D-F §295; Rob. 717f); τὸν ἄρτον ὸ̔ν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία … ἐστιν; = ὁ ἄρτος ὅν … 1 Cor 10:16. λίθον, ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … οὗτος ἐγενήθη (Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; 1 Pt 2:7 v.l.—παντὶ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 12:48. ὅρκον, ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν (=μνησθῆναι ὅρκου ὅν) 1:73 (s. W-S. §24, 7 note). τοὺς λίθους, οὓς εἶδες, ἀποβεβλημένους, οὗτοι … ἐφόρεσαν Hs 9, 13, 3. Cp. 1J 2:25.ε. Attraction can, as in earlier Gk. (Thu. 2, 70, 4), fail to take place when the relative clause is more distinctly separated fr. its antecedent by additional modifiers of the noun and by the importance attaching to the content of the relative clause itself (B-D-F §294, 1; Rob. 714f): τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος Hb 8:2. But s. also Mk 13:19; J 2:22; 4:5; Ac 8:32; 1 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:2; Phlm 10; Hb 9:7; Rv 1:20.ⓔ The noun which is the antecedent of a relative clause can be incorporated into the latterα. without abbreviating the constr. and without attraction of the case: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ = τῇ ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ δοκ. Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40; 17:29, 30. ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα 24:1. ὸ̔ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον J 6:14. ὸ̔ θέλω ἀγαθόν Ro 7:19.β. w. abbreviation, in that a prep. normally used twice is used only once: ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε = ἐν τῷ κρίματι, ἐν ᾧ κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε Mt 7:2a. Cp. vs. 2b; Mk 4:24. ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ = ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ ἦν J 11:6. καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον = κατὰ τὸν τρόπον, καθʼ ὅν Ac 15:11.γ. w. a change in case, due mostly to attractionא. of the relative pron. περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν = περὶ πάντων πονηρῶν, ἃ ἐπ. Lk 3:19. περὶ πασῶν ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων = περὶ πασῶν δυνάμεων, ἃς εἶδον 19:37. αἰτίαν … ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν πονηρῶν Ac 25:18.—The dat. of the relative is also attracted to other cases: ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας = ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας, ᾖ Mt 24:38; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας Col 1:6, 9.ב. of the noun to which the rel. refers: ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην, οὗτος ἠγέρθη = Ἰωάννης ὸ̔ν κτλ. Mk 6:16 εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ τῆς διδαχῆς εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε Ro 6:17.δ. The analysis is doubtful in passages like περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων = περὶ τῶν λόγων οὓς κατηχήθης or τῶν λόγων, περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης Lk 1:4. ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι Ac 21:16 must acc. to the sense = ἄγοντες πρὸς Μνάσωνα, ἵνα ξενισθῶμεν παρʼ αὐτῷ. S. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719.ⓕ The prep. can be omitted before the relative pron. if it has already been used before the antecedent noun: ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ὧ.) Ac 1:21. εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὅ (=εἰς ὅ) 13:2. ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν (=ἀφʼ ὧν) vs. 38. Cp. 26:2. ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ᾧ) Rv 18:6.ⓖ The neut. is usedα. in explanations, esp. of foreign words and of allegories: ὅ ἐστιν which or that is, which means: βασιλεὺς Σαλήμ, ὅ ἐστιν βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης Hb 7:2; cp. Mt 27:33; Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; 15:42. Also ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Mt 1:23; Mk 5:41; Ac 4:36; cp. J 1:38, 41f. ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενος κρανίου τόπος Mk 15:22 v.l. (for μεθερμηνευόμενον). τόπος, ὸ̔ λέγεται, Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθά J 19:17.—S. also αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον Mk 15:16. λεπτὰ δὺο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης 12:42. τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία Col 1:24. πλεονέκτης ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης Eph 5:5. τὴν ἀγάπην ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος Col 3:14.—B-D-F §132, 2.β. when the relative pron. looks back upon a whole clause: τοῦτον τ. Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός, οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες Ac 2:32; cp. 3:15; 11:30; 26:9f; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29; 1 Pt 2:8; Rv 21:8.γ. ὅ is to be understood as an obj. acc. and gains its content fr. what immediately follows in these places (s. W-S. §24, 9; Rob. 715): ὸ̔ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ = τὸν θάνατον, ὸ̔ν ἀπέθανεν κτλ. what he died, i.e. the death he suffered, he suffered for sin Ro 6:10a; cp. vs. 10b. ὸ̔ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί the life that I now live in the flesh Gal 2:20.ⓗ The relative is used w. consecutive or final mng. (result or purpose): τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὸ̔ς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; who has known the mind of the Lord, so that he could instruct him? 1 Cor 2:16 (cp. Is 40:13). ἄξιός ἐστιν ᾧ παρέξῃ τοῦτο he is worthy that you should grant him this Lk 7:4. ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου …, ὸ̔ς κατασκευάσει Mt 11:10. ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον …, ὸ̔ς ὑμᾶς ἀναμνήσει 1 Cor 4:17. ἔχετε μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰς οὓς ἐργάσεσθε τὸ καλόν 21:2.ⓘ taking the place of the interrogative pron.α. in indirect questions (Soph., Oed. Rex 1068; Thu. 1, 136, 4; Attic ins of 411 B.C. in Meisterhans3-Schw.; pap [Witkowski 30, 7]; oft. Joseph. [Schmidt 369]; Just., D. 44, 4 διʼ ἧς ὁδοῦ). ὸ̔ ἐγὼ ποιῶ what I am doing J 13:7. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7 (Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὸ̔ λέγεις).—J 18:21.β. NT philology has generally dismissed the proposition that ὅς is used in direct questions (Mlt. 93; B-D-F §300, 2; Radermacher2 78; PMaas [see 1bβב above]). An unambiguous example of it is yet to be found. Even the ins on a goblet in Dssm., LO 100ff [LAE 125–31], ET 33, 1922, 491–93 leaves room for doubt. Therefore also the translation of ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 as ‘what are you here for?’ (so Goodsp., Probs. 41–43; similarly, as early as Luther, later Dssm.; JWilson, ET 41, 1930, 334) has been held suspect. S. ZNW 52, ’61, 109ff.—Rob. 725 doubts the interrogative here, but Mlt-Turner 50 inclines toward it. If further proof for interrogative use of ὅς can be found, lit.-crit. considerations (s. vv. 14–16) invite attention to the v.l. (s. Tdf. app.) ἐφʼ ᾦ, a combination used in commercial documents (PGrenf II, 17, 2; 5; Mayser II/1 p. 215); the colloquial use suggests the sense: What deal did you make?—See also 1bβב above.ⓙ combined w. particlesα. with ἄν (ἐάν), s. ἄν I. b.β. with γέ (s. γέ aβ and cp. PFlor 370, 9) Ro 8:32.γ. w. δήποτε whatever J 5:3(4) v.l. (the vv.ll. vary betw. οἵῳ and ᾧ, δηποτοῦν and δήποτε).δ. w. καί who also Mk 3:19; Lk 6:13f; 7:49 al.ε. with περ = ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 7:13; JosAs 14:12; GrBar; ApcSed 2:1; Jos., Ant. 2, 277, Vi. 95; apolog. [exc. Mel.]) just the one who Mk 15:6 v.l. ὅπερ which indeed Ox 840, 35; ISm 4:1. πάντα ἅπερ whatever GPt 11:45.ⓚ used w. preposition (s. also above: 1bα; 1bβב; 1eβ,γ; 1f, and s. Johannessohn, Präp. 382f [ind.]), whereby a kind of conjunction is formed:β. w. εἰς: εἰς ὅ to this end 2 Th 1:11.γ. with ἐν: ἐν οἷς connects w. the situation described in what precedes under which circumstances = under these circumstances Lk 12:1; Ac 24:18 v.l.; 26:12. So also perh. ἐν ᾧ 1 Pt 1:6; 2:12; 3:16, 19; 4:4. S. also ἐν 7 and cp. 1bα above.δ. w. ἐπί: ἐφʼ ᾧ (normally, ‘for which’: Plut., Cimon 483 [8, 6] Cimon receives honors in requital for his generous deed [cp. the pl. ἐφʼ οἷς IPriene 114, 22 of honors heaped on a gymnasiarch for his numerous contributions]; cp. Plut., Mor. 522e and Diog. L. 7, 173. Conversely Plut., Aratus 1048 [44, 4]: A. suffers some dishonor ‘for what’ he did to one of his associates) has freq. been interpreted=ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that, because Ro 5:12 (lit. on ἁμαρτία 3a); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for 4:10. But a commercial metaphor may find expression in the first 3 passages cited here; s. ἐπί 6c. Difft. on Ro 5:12 JFitzmyer, NTS 39, ’93, 321–39; also comm. (Anchor), ad loc.: ‘with the result that, so that’ε. οὗ χάριν therefore Lk 7:47.ζ. in indications of time: ἀφʼ ἧς (s. ἀπό 2bγ and cp. BGU 252, 9 [98 A.D.]) from the time when; since Lk 7:45; Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4; Hs 8, 6, 6 v.l.; as soon as, after 8, 1, 4.—ἀφʼ οὗ (s. ἀπό 2bγ) when once, since Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18. ἄχρι οὗ (s. ἄχρι 1bα) until (the time when) Ac 7:18; Ro 11:25; 1 Cor 11:26; Gal 3:19. Also ἕως οὗ until Mt 1:25; 13:33; 14:22; 17:9; Lk 13:21; D 11:6 al. μέχρις οὗ until Mk 13:30; Gal 4:19.—On the gen. οὗ as an adv. of place s. it as a separate entry.② Demonstrative pron. this (one) (Hom.+; prose of Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. II 228f]; pap, LXX).ⓐ ὸ̔ς δέ but he (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 22; PRyl 144, 14 [38 A.D.]) Mk 15:23; J 5:11 v.l. Mostlyⓑ ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other (Hippocr.+; very oft. in later wr.; POxy 1189, 7 [c. 117 A.D.]; SibOr 3, 654) the masc. in var. cases of sing. and pl. Mt 22:5; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; 2 Cor 2:16; Jd 22f. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ this … that Ro 9:21. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ (Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15) some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δὲ … ὸ̔ς δέ Mt 21:35; 25:15 (Lucian, Tim. 57 διδοὺς … ᾧ μὲν πέντε δραχμάς, ᾧ δέ μνᾶν, ᾧ δὲ ἡμιτάλαντον). ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δὲ … ὸ̔ δέ Mt 13:8b, 23. ᾧ μὲν … ἄλλῳ δὲ … ἑτέρῳ (ἄλλῳ δέ is then repeated five times, and before the last one there is a second ἑτέρῳ) 1 Cor 12:8–10. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἄλλο κτλ. Mk 4:4. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἕτερον (repeated several times) Lk 8:5. ἃ μὲν … ἄλλα δέ (repeated several times) Mt 13:4–8a. In anacoluthon οὓς μέν without οὓς δέ 1 Cor 12:28. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν Ro 14:2.—B-D-F §250. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 100f.—DELG 1 ὅς. M-M. -
4 literary critic
Colloquial: lit crit -
5 literary criticism
Colloquial: lit critУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > literary criticism
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6 književnokritički
adj literary-critical, of literary criticism, sl lit-crit -
7 δριμύτης
A acridness of humours, Hp.VM18 (pl.); pungency of taste, etc., Anaxipp.1.46, Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.70: pl., Arched. 2.7, Thphr.CP1.16.9; itches, Agatharch.58; of smoke, Plb.21.28.16.II metaph., keenness, eagerness, Pl.Plt. 311a;δ. πρὸς τὰ μαθήματα Id.R. 535b
; keenness of wit or satire, Plu.2.48a, Luc.Alex. 4; πανουργία καὶ δ. ib. 483f;ποικιλία καὶ δ. Arr.Epict.2.23.40
; bitterness in controversy, Phld.Ir.p.22 W.2 esp. in Lit. Crit., use of striking words and turns of phrase, Id.Piet.15, Hermog.Id.2.5, Inv.3.13, Aristid.Rh.2pp.513,524S.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δριμύτης
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8 εὐκαταφρόνητος
εὐκατα-φρόνητος, ον,A easy to be despised, contemptible,ὑπό τινος X.HG6.4.1
, cf. Cyr.8.3.1, D.4.18, Men.Sam. 297, Arist.Pol. 1312b24, etc.; negligible, πᾶσα ἀλγηδὼν εὐ. Epicur.Sent.Vat.4, cf. Phld.D.1.25, al.; esp. in Lit. Crit., D.H.Comp.3, Longin.3.1, Demetr.Eloc.4, etc. Adv. - τως Plu.Demetr.16.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὐκαταφρόνητος
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9 εὔζωνος
2 later, of men, girt up for exercise, active,μῆκος δ' ὁδοῦ εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρὶ πέντε ἡμέραι ἀναισιμοῦνται Hdt.1.72
; τριήκοντα ἡμερέων εὐζώνῳ ὁδός ib. 104, cf. 2.34, Th.2.97; of light troops, X.An.5.4.23, Plb.3.35.7, Plu.Demetr. 9; of ὁπλῖται without their heavy shields, X.An.7.3.46: generally, well-equipped, LXX Jo.4.13; alsoεὔ. τῇ κεφαλῇ πυκτεύειν Philostr.Im. 2.19
; later, of ships, Max.Tyr.1.3. Adv. - νως Alciphr.3.55.3 of a garment, well-girded, dub. in S.Fr. 342.4 metaph., unencumbered,πενία Plu.Pel.3
;εὔ. καὶ ἐλεύθερος βίος D.C.56.6
.5 in Lit. Crit., work-a-day, unpretending; in depreciatory sense, cheap,τὸ εὔ. καὶ οἷον εὐτελὲς εἶδος τοῦ λόγου Hermog.Id.2.10
; τὸ εὔ. χωρὶς εὐτελείας ib.1.11; ἐκπίπτειν τὸν λόγον εἰς τὸ -ότερον ib. 1.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὔζωνος
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10 εὔκρατος
A well-tempered, temperate, E.Fr. 772;ἐγκέφαλος Democr.
ap. Thphr.Sens.56; ; ; ; of countries, D.S.1.10;τόποι Ath.Med.
ap. Orib.9.12.5 ([comp] Sup.);οἰκήσεις Plb.34.1.8
([comp] Comp.);οἶκος Aret.CA1.1
; of the temperate zone, Stoic.2.195, etc.; μεῖξις Chrysipp.ib.219; of liquids, tempered, lukewarm,ὕδωρ IG5(1).1390.108
([place name] Andania), cf. Gal.6.101, etc.; of wine, mixed for drinking, Arist.Pr. 874a28.2 metaph., temperate, mild, ;τὸ εὔ. τοῦ ἤθους M.Ant.1.15
;Κύπρις AP 6.208
(Antip.Thess.): in Astrol., of beneficent planetary in fluences, Gal.9.911.3 in Lit. Crit., εὔ. ἁρμονία, ἑρμηνεία, mixed style, D.H. Comp.21 (v.l. κοινή), Dem.3;συνθήκη ὀνομάτων Luc.Hist.Conscr. 46
.II of persons, εὔκρητοι πρὸς ἅπαντας (cf. εὐκράς (A) 3) Hp. Decent.3.III Adv. - τως temperately, ἀνδρείως καὶ εὐ. Phld.Herc. 1251.14; temperately, Gal.1.342.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὔκρατος
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11 ζῆλος
ζῆλος, ου, ὁ, later εος, τό, Ep.Phil.3.6 codd. opt.; [dialect] Dor. [full] ζᾶλος IG12 (5).891, etc.:—A jealousy (= φθόνος), Hes.Op. 195, S.OT 1526: coupled with φθόνος by Democr.191, Lys.2.48, Pl.Phlb. 47e, 50c, Lg. 679c(pl.);εἰς ζῆλον ἰέναι Id.R. 550e
: more usu. in good sense, eager rivalry, emulation, Id.Mx. 242a, Arist.Rh. 1388a30.2 c. gen. pers., zeal for one, ; κατὰ ζῆλον Ἡρακλέους in emulation of him, Plu.Thes.25;ζ. πρός τινα Luc.Dem.Enc.57
: abs., passion, PGrenf.1.1.13 (ii B.C.).3 c. gen. rei, ζῆλον.. γάμων ἔχουσα causing rivalry for my hand, E.Hec. 352;ζ. ἀζήλων καὶ φόβον ἀφόβων Phld.Oec.p.66J.
; ζ. τῶν ἀρίστων emulous desire for.., opp. φυγὴ τῶν χειρόνων, Luc.Ind.17;ἀνδραγαθίας Plu.Cor.4
; soζ. πρός τι Phld.Rh.2.53S.
, Plu.Per.2;ζ. περὶ τὰ στρατιωτικά Str.14.2.27
: pl., ambitions, Phld.Rh.2.54S.5 personified as son of Styx, brother of Βία, Κράτος, Νίκη, Hes.Th. 384.II pride, honour, glory, S.Aj. 503;ζ. καὶ χαρά D.18.217
; τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχει ζῆλον ὁ στέφανος, ib.120;ζῆλον καὶ τιμὴν φέρει τῇ πόλει Id.23.64
, cf. 18.273, 60.33.III spirit,τῆς πολιτείας Plb.4.27.8
: pl., tastes, interests, τοῖς ἀπὸ διαφόρων ἐπιτηδευμάτων, βίων, ζήλων, ἡλικιῶν, Longin.7.4.2 esp. in Lit. Crit., style,τοῦ Ἀσιανοῦ λεγομένου ζήλου Str.14.1.41
, cf. Plu.Ant.2. -
12 καχεξία
κᾰχεξ-ία, ἡ,A bad habit of body, opp. εὐεξία, Hp.Aph.3.31 (pl.), Pl.Grg. 450a, Arist.EN 1129a20, PSI6.632.8 (iii B.C.); distd. from κακοχυμία, Gal. 10.263.2 of the mind, bad disposition, disaffection, Diph.24, Nicol.Com.1.12, Plb.5.87.3, Hierocl. in CA7p.430M.: play on both meanings in Str.14.5.14.3 in Lit. Crit., bad style,κ. τῆς ἑρμηνείας Phld.Rh.1.188
S., al.: pl., ib.189 S.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καχεξία
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13 μέστωσις
A filling full, saturation,φαίνεται ἄπειρον πᾶν κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ μ. ὄν Dam.Pr. 200
; plenitude,τῆς οἰκείας τελειότητος Herm.in Phdr.p.145A.
II in Lit. Crit., overcrowding with detail, Syrian.in Hermog.1.36R.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μέστωσις
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14 παλαιότης
2 more freq. antiquity, obsoleteness,π. γὰρ τῷ λόγῳ γ' ἔνεστί τις E.Hel. 1056
;ὑπὸ παλαιότητος Pl.Cra. 421d
;εἴτε π. εἴτε σαπρότης Id.R. 609e
; π. γράμματος, opp. καινότης πνεύματος, Ep.Rom.7.6; in Lit. Crit., D.H.Rh.10.19.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παλαιότης
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15 ἀβλεμής
A feeble, Nic.Al.82; in Lit. Crit. [ τὸ πρᾶγμα] ἀβλεμὲς προσπίπτει falls flat, Longin.29.1. Adv. ἀβλεμέως, πίνων drinking intemperately, Panyas.13.8.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀβλεμής
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16 ἀκατάσκευος
ἀκατά-σκευος, ον,II in Lit. Crit., without artifice or elaboration, Phld.Rh.1.8S., D.H.Th.27, Philostr. V A6.11; epith. of orator, Plu. 2.835b. Adv.- ως Plb.6.4.7
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀκατάσκευος
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17 ἀκολουθία
ἀκολουθ-ία, ἡ,A following, attendance, S.Fr. 990, Pl.Alc.1.122c:—ἀ. πρὸς τὸ κενούμενον filling up a vacuum, Erasistr.(?)ap.Gal.Nat.Fac.1.16.2 sequence, succession,τάξις καὶ ἀ. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.266
, al.; succession of philosophers, D.L.2.47; κατ' ἀκολουθίαν in regular succession, Hdn.7.5.2: Lit.Crit., natural sequence of words, D.H.Comp.22, cf. Longin.22.1; sequence of argument, Phlp.in Ph.707.3; in rhythm, orderly sequence, D.H.Comp.25: Gramm., agreement, Id.Amm.2.2; analogy, A.D.Pron.2.24, al.II retinue, train, D.S.27.6.III conformity with,τοῖς πράγμασι Pl.Cra. 437c
;φύσεως Stoic.3.4
; κατ' ἀκολουθίαν τῶν ἐτῶν in conformity with his age, POxy.1202.20 (iii A. D.): abs., consistency, coherence, Phld.Sign.37 (sg. and pl.).IV in Logic, consequence, Ph.2.497, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.68, al.;ἐξ ἀκολουθίας Phld.Ir.p.90
W.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀκολουθία
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18 ἀρχαῖος
A from the beginning or origin:I mostly of things, ancient, ;ἐσθής Hdt.5.88
; codd.; ; χερὸς σῆς πίστιν ἀρχαίαν faith firm for ever, ib. 1632 codd.2 old-fashioned, antiquated, A.Pr. 317 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 984, D.22.14; of literary style, Demetr.Eloc. 244.3 ancient, former,τὸ ἀ. ῥέεθον Hdt.1.75
;τοῦ ἀ. λόγου Id.7.160
;οὐ γὰρ δὴ τό γ' ἀ. δέμας S.OC 110
; οἱ ἀ., opp. οἱ ὕστερον, Th.2.16;ἀ. φύσις A.Ch. 281
, Hp. Art.53, Pl.Smp. 193c, etc.;φύσις καὶ κατάστασις ἀ. Democr.278
; coupled withπαλαιός, παλαιὸν δῶρον ἀρχαίου θηρός S.Tr. 555
, cf. Lys. 6.51, D.l.c.II of persons,Θέμιν.. ἀρχαίαν ἄλοχον Διός Pi.Fr.6.5
; ἀ. θεαί, of the Erinyes, A.Eu. 728; ; οἱ ἀ. the Ancients, name given by Arist. to the pre-Socratics, Metaph. 1069a25, GC 314a6; in Lit. Crit., ancient, classical writers, Demetr. Eloc.15,67; in Plot., the philosophers down to Aristotle, 5.1.9; in NT, the Fathers, Ev.Matt.5.21, al.2 ancient, old, βαλὴν ἀ., of Darius, A.Pers. 657 (lyr.); ;ἑταῖρος X.Mem.2.8.1
; οἱ ἀ. κύριοι the original owners, BGU 992 ii 6 (ii B. C.); τὰς ἀ. πόλεις (banished from) their original cities, Polystr.p.22 W.; ἀ. μαθητής an original disciple, Act.Ap.21.16;ἀ. μύστης Inscr.Magn.215
b; παιδαγωγὸς ἀ., i.e of old, formerly, E.El. 287, cf. 853.III neut. as Adv., τὸ ἀρχαῖον, [dialect] Ion. [var] contr. τὠρχαῖον, anciently, Hdt.1.56, 173, al., [dialect] Att.;ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀ. Hdt.4.117
;ἐξ ἀρχαίων D.S.1.14
.2 regul. Adv. ἀρχαίως in olden style,καινὰ ἀ. λέγειν Pl.Phdr. 267b
, cf. Isoc.4.8, D.9.48;ἀ. καὶ σεμνῶς Aeschin.1.183
.IV irreg. [comp] Comp.ἀρχαιέστερος Pi.Fr.45
(on ἀρχέστατος v. h. v.); usual [comp] Comp. : [comp] Sup.- ότατος Hdt.1.105
, etc.V as Subst., τὸ ἀρχαῖον, of money, prime cost,πλέον τοῦ ἀ. X.Vect.3.2
; principal, mostly in pl., Ar.Nu. 1156, etc.;τἀρχαῖα ἀποδιδόναι D.34.26
, etc.; τῶν ἀρχαίων ἀπέστησαν lost their capital, Id.1.15: opp. ἔργον, Id.27.10; opp. πρόσοδοι, Is.6.38.2 ἀρχαίη, ἡ, = ἀρχή, Eust.475.1, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀρχαῖος
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19 ἀσφάλεια
A security against stumbling or falling,ἀ. πρὸς τὸν πηλόν Th.3.22
; steadfastness, stability, ἀσφαλείᾳ.. ἀνόρθωσον πόλιν raise up the city so that it stand fast, S. OT51;κατασκευάζειν τὴν [τῆς πολιτείας] ἀ. Arist.Pol. 1319b39
.2 assurance from danger, personal safety, A.Supp. 495, etc.;τηρεῖν ἀ. ἐπιβουλῆς Antipho 2.2.8
; ἀ. τῆς ἐπαναφορᾶς precaution regarding it, And.3.33, cf. Th.4.68, 8.4; ἡ ἰδία ἀ., opp. ὁ τῆς πόλεως κίνδυνος, Lys. 31.7;δεηθεὶς τῆς ἀ. ἔτυχε
safe-conduct,Hdt.
3.7; ἀ. διδόναι, παρέχειν, X.HG2.2.2, Cyr.4.5.28: freq. with Preps.,ἀσφαλείης εἵνεκεν Hdt.4.33
;ἀσφαλείας οὕνεκα Ar.Av. 293
;δι' ἀσφαλείας τὰς πόλεις οἰκεῖν Th. 1.17
; τὸ σῶμ' ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ καθιστάναι, καθεστάναι, Isoc.9.30, X.Hier. 2.10; κατ' ἀσφάλειαν in safety, Th.4.128;μετ' ἀσφαλείας Id.1.120
, Pl. Ti. 50b: pl., seasons of safety,Isoc.
8.21.3 caution,σῴζονται ὑπ' ἀσφαλείας Alciphr.1.10
, cf. Heliod.(?)ap.Orib.46.11.27 and 14.4: in Lit. Crit., circumspection, Demetr.Eloc. 287.4 assurance, certainty,ἀ. πολλὴ μὴ ἂν ἐλθεῖν αὐτούς Th.2.11
; ἀ. ἐργάζεσθαι τὴν γῆν security for agriculture, X.Cyr.7.4.5.5 ἀ. λόγου convincing nature, certainty of an argument, Id.Mem.4.6.15, cf. Ev.Luc. 1.4.6 as law-term, security, bond, Arr.Epict.2.13.7; pledge, BGU1149.24 (i B. C.): in pl., = Lat. cautiones, Just.Nov.72.6.7 Pythag. name for eight, Theol.Ar.56.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀσφάλεια
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20 ἀσφαλής
A not liable to fall, immovable, steadfast, in Hom. only once as Adj. (cf. infr. III),θεῶν ἕδος ἀ. αἰεί Od.6.42
, cf. Hes.Th. 128, Pi.N.6.3, Theoc.2.34, etc.;ἀσφαλῆ θεῶν νόμιμα S.Ant. 454
; unshaken, of purpose,ἀ. ὁ νοῦς Id.Fr. 351
.2 of friends and the like , unfailing, trusty,οὐ γὰρ οἱ.. εὐρύνωτοι φῶτες ἀσφαλέστατοι Id.Aj. 1251
;ἀ. στρατηλάτης E.Ph. 599
, cf. Th.1.69: c. inf., φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς the hasty in counsel are not safe, S.OT 617, cf. Pl.Sph. 231a; ; of things, sure, certain, Th.4.108,etc.3 assured from danger, safe,ἀ. αἰών Pi.P.3.86
;ἀσφαλεῖ σὺν ἐξόδῳ S.OC 1288
;ἀ. ὄρος X.Lac.12.1
;ὁδός -εστέρα Id.HG5.4.51
; ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ in safety, Th.1.137, 8.39, cf. Pl.Lg. 892e;ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ τοῦ μὴ παθεῖν X.Cyr.3.3.31
;τοῦ λαλεῖν Men.Sam.25
; ἐν -εστέρῳ, -εστάτῳ, X.Cyr.7.1.21, An.1.8.22;ἐν ἀ. βίου E.Hipp. 785
;μένειν ἐν τῷ ἀ. X. An.4.7.8
; ἐξ ἀσφαλοῦς from a place of safety, Id.Eq.Mag.4.16;τοῦ ἀσφαλέος εἵνεκα Hdt.1.109
; τὸ ἀ., = ἀσφάλεια, Th.6.55, etc.; μετὰ τοῦ αὑτῆς ἀ. with no risk to herself, Plot.4.8.7; ἀσφαλές [ἐστι], c. inf., it is safe to.., Hdt.3.75, E.Ph. 891, Ar.Av. 1489: abs.,ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀσφαλές Pl.Phlb. 61d
, etc.;φεύγειν αὐτοῖς ἀσφαλέστερόν ἐστιν ἢ ἡμῖν X.An.3.2.19
.4 ἀ. ῥήτωρ a convincing speaker, Id.Mem.4.6.15.5 in Lit. Crit., sound, not risky, of language or rhythm, Demetr.Eloc.19,41. Adv. -ῶς, ἐρεῖ ib.78.III [dialect] Ep. Adv. ἀσφαλέως, ἔχειν, μένειν, to be, remain firm, steady, Il.23.325, Od.17.235: neut. ἀσφαλές as Adv., Il. (v. infr.);δρακεῖσ' ἀσφαλές Pi.P.2.20
;ἀ. ἀγορεύει
without faltering,Od.
8.171, Hes.Th.86;ἔμπεδον ἀσφαλέως Il.13.141
, Od.13.86;ἔμπεδον ἀσφαλὲς αἰεί Il.15.683
. Adv. ἀσφαλῶς ([etym.] - έως ) is used in all senses of the Adj.,- έως βεβηκὼς ποσσί Archil.58.4
; in safety, with certainty, S.OT 613;ἀ. βουλεύειν And.3.34
;ἀ. ἔχει Hdt.1.86
: c. inf., Lys.27.6;ἀ. προσθεῖναι
as a precaution,Alex.Aphr.
in Mete.14.10: [comp] Comp.- έστερον Hdt.2.161
, Pl.Phd. 85d; but- εστέρως Hp.Prorrh.2.15
, Th.4.71: [comp] Sup.- έστατα Hp.Prorrh. 2.23
, Pl.R. 467e.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀσφαλής
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